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DNA EXONERATIONS QUESTION EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY
Flawed, Suggestive Photo Lineups Resulting in Eyewitness Misidentification and Wrongly Convicted
By: Houston Criminal Defense Attorney John T. Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair
The Dallas Morning News (October 2008) ran two articles written by Steve McGonigle and Jennifer Emily that linked 19 DNA exonerations to faulty eyewitness testimony. These two investigative reporters opened their series with the tragic story of Wiley Fountain who spent 15 years in the Texas prison system wrongfully convicted of rape:
“Wiley Fountain was the obvious choice among the six Polaroids police assembled for the rape victim to review.
“He was the only man wearing a dark baseball cap and light-colored warm-up suit, similar to what the attacker had on. He fit the rapist’s description ‘to a T,’ a Dallas police officer later testified. The victim was sure. Prosecutors believed her. So did the jury. But all of them were wrong.
“In September 2002, after Mr. Fountain had spent 15 years in prison, DNA testing proved his innocence. Today, he is free but homeless, scrounging for aluminum cans on the rugged streets of South Dallas.
“The story of his wrongful conviction and that of 18 others is lifting the curtain on criminal justice in Dallas County, which has led the nation in DNA exonerations since 2001. In every instance but one, a Dallas Morning News investigation found, police and prosecutors built their cases on eyewitness accounts, even though they knew such testimony can be fatally flawed.”
Since 1973 there have been 130 condemned inmates released from death rows in 26 states after having their innocence established. Most of those wrongful convictions were obtained through false eyewitness identification influenced by faulty photo lineups conducted by police. Nearly 60 percent of the more than 220 DNA exonerations in this nation since 1989 involved wrongful rape convictions – the vast majority involving African-American men convicted on the basis of white victim testimony.
In the State of Texas a criminal defendant can be convicted solely on the basis of the uncorroborated testimony of a sexual assault victim if the victim reports the assault to anyone other than the defendant within a year. See: Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 38.07 (Vernon Supp. 2004); Smith v. State, 2004 Tex.App. LEXIS 4487 (Tex.App.-Tyler May 12, 2004).
A long list of independent studies, including one by the U.S. Justice Department, have shown over the last two decades that in-court identifications by sexual assault victims are often tainted by a suggestive pre-trial photo lineup procedure. While the U.S. Supreme Court has held that an in-court identification is inadmissible if is unduly influenced by an improper pre-trial photo array, the test of whether to exclude the in-court identification is determined by the totality of the circumstances that must show “the photographic identification procedure was so impermissibly suggestive as to give rise to a very substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification.” See: Simmons v. United States, 390 U.S. 377, 384 (1968). See also: Madden v. State, 799 S.W.2d 683, 695 (Tex.Crim.App. 1990), cert. denied, 499 U.S. 954 (1991).
Meeting that “impermissibly suggestive” burden is not easy. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has held that “reliability” plays a critical role in this process. See: Loserth v. State, 963 S.W.2d 770, 772 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). As the appeals court put it:
“If the totality of the circumstances reveals no substantial likelihood of misidentification despite a suggestive pretrial procedure, subsequent identification testimony will be deemed reliable, ‘reliability [being] the linchpin in determining the admissibility of identification testimony.’” Id., [quoting Webb v. State, 760 S.W.2d 263, 269 (Tex.Crim.App. 1988)].
Photo lineups are notoriously unreliable; leading to far more misidentifications than the justice system cares to admit. The Dallas Morning News reported that 75 percent of the 220 wrongful convictions exposed by DNA were the result of eyewitness misidentification. The newspaper discussed why many of the misidentifications were the result of suggestive photo lineup procedures:
“Typically, six mug-shot photos are arrayed in two rows of three for a victim to view. Dallas and many other police departments use computer programs to generate ‘filler’ photos for lineups based on general descriptions entered by a detective.
“As in Mr. Fountain’s case, questions persist about the fairness police officers demonstrated in obtaining identifications from photo lineups.
“Mr. Fountain’s photo was shown to the victim four hours after the rape. The case was marked ‘cleared’ by the lead detective the following day. The only other evidence presented at trial was a blood-typing test that concluded no living person could be eliminated as a suspect.
“A review of the photo lineups in the other DNA exonerations show that one wrongly convicted man from Dallas County was a former neighbor of the victim. Another worked at the same business. A third has the same name as a man the victim knew was a suspect. Four men were suspects in other unsolved crimes.
“All but one of the exonerated men had prior arrest records – and booking photos that could be used in lineups.
“The lead detectives were nearly all seasoned veterans. Two had two cases each with faulty photo identifications. Another had shown photo spreads in the Lenell Geter case, one of Dallas County’s most infamous wrongful convictions.
“Police insist that faulty identifications from photo lineups are almost always the result of human error, not intentional bad faith.
“’Everyone gets sloppy,’ said P.E. Jones, a retired Dallas robbery and homicide detective. ‘You think you have a slam-dunk case, and so you don’t go in there and dot your I’s and cross your T’s. And all of a sudden, it comes back to bite you.’
“Critics contend photo arrays are inherently vulnerable to manipulation: the detective’s body language, the instruction the witness receives, feedback provided by officers if an identification is made.
“’I call them misconduct identification,’ the Innocence Project’s Blackburn said. ‘I have yet to see one of these eyewitness IDs that goes wrong that didn’t have some element of deliberately suggestive behavior going on by the cops.’
“After one witness hesitated to identify exoneree Patrick Waller from a photo lineup, prosecution notes show, the lead detective pointed to Mr. Waller’s picture and said two other eyewitnesses had identified him. The witness remained uncertain and was not called to testify at trial. Mr. Waller spent 16 years in prison before DNA exonerated him in July. The real criminal later was imprisoned for burglary.
“Jim McCloskey, a nationally known prisoner rights’ advocate, said his investigations of wrongful convictions nationwide involve lineups that appear to be the result of police officers coaxing witnesses.
“’Who looks most similar to the suspect?’ said Mr. McCloskey, executive director of Centurion Ministries Inc. of Princeton, N.J. ‘These conversations go on, and they evolve until before you know it they have got themselves an ID. Now they’ve got the guy [witness] locked in, and he’s afraid to go back.’”
These revelations notwithstanding, it is virtually impossible to get a criminal conviction set aside based upon the most egregious suggestive procedures utilized by the police in a photo lineup. This reluctance by state appeal courts to find error can be traced by to the U.S. Supreme Court in Neil v. Biggers, 409 U.S. 188 (1972) which set forth five non-exclusive factors that should be “weighed against the corrupting effect of any suggestive identification procedure in assessing reliability under the totality of the circumstances”:
1. The opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the time of the crime;
2. The witness’ degree of attention;
3. The accuracy of the witness’ prior description of the criminal;
4. The level of certainty demonstrated by the witness at the confrontation, and
5. The length of time between the crime and the confrontation.. . .
See also: Manson v. Brathwaite, 432 U.S. 98 (1977)
Just this year a Harris County appeals court in Sierra v. State, 2008 Tex.App. LEXIS 6417 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] August 21, 2008) held that “even if [a photo lineup] was impermissibly suggestive, the lineup did not give rise to the substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification when analyzed under the factors identified in [Neil v. Biggers].” Id., at Lexis 8. The Sierra court added:
”Appellant concedes that ‘the last two criteria admittedly weigh in favor of the admissibility of the identification in that Richard[s] testified he was positive that Appellant was the culprit when he viewed the photo spread the day after the incident.’ Richards’ testimony reflects that his identification of appellant was based on his own, independent recollection of what he saw on May 23, 2006, and that he had ample opportunity to observe appellant that day. Richards also described appellant as a Hispanic man, shorter than Richards, wearing a tank top, and with a shaved head and tattoos. Appellant contends that, ‘although this description matches Appellant’s characteristics, the description is hardly specific.’ Having considered the Biggers factors and all issues of historical fact–viewed deferentially in a light favorable to the trial court’s ruling and weighed de novo against ‘the corrupting effect’ of the allegedly suggestive pretrial identification procedure–we conclude that the trial court did not err in allowing the identification into evidence.” Id., at Lexis 8-9.
What this means quite simply is that if the trial court makes a determination that an in-court identification was not irreparably “corrupted” by a admittedly suggestive pre-trial photo lineup procedure, the Texas courts of appeal will not reverse that decision. They are constrained, both my judicial ideology and the Biggers factors, to reinforce the belief held by prosecutors and law enforcement officials that eyewitness testimony is virtually infallible.
“Eyewitness testimony [is] gold,” Assistant District Attorney Kevin Brooks told the Dallas Morning News. “If the witness said they saw it, they saw it.”
But that is not what the Morning News investigation uncovered. Given complete access to district attorney office files in the DNA cases by D.A. Craig Watkins, the newspaper discovered the following:
- Thirteen of the 19 wrongly convicted men were black. Eight of the 13 were misidentified by victims of another race. Police investigators and prosecutors in the case were all white, as were many of the juries of the 1980s.
- Police officers used suggestive lineup procedures, sometimes pressured victims to pick their suspect and then cleared the case once an identification was made.
- Prosecutors frequently went to trial with single-witness identification and flimsy corroboration. Some tried to preserve shaky identifications by withholding evidence that pointed to other potential suspects.
- Judges, governed by case law that has not kept pace with developments in DNA testing or research on eyewitness testimony, routinely approved even tainted pretrial identifications as long as an eyewitness expressed certainty in court.
Traditional law enforcement views that the “ends justifies the means” and the prosecutorial belief that “conviction” is king sent 19 innocent men to prison from Dallas County alone and another 17 elsewhere in Texas. It cost state and Dallas County taxpayers more than $3 million to incarcerate and then compensate these wrongfully convicted men. Dallas prosecutors said the problem began with faulty police investigations – and while that may have been the seed that produced the infected crop, prosecutors and judges share equal responsibility. Prosecutors knowingly suppressed evidence that supported innocence and judges too often rubber-stamped the rush to judgment tactics of prosecutors.
The concept of justice in this country has been replaced by political expediency. All one must do is watch the bevy of political ads currently airing on local television stations here in Harris County by criminal judges promising to protect the public from child sexual predators and civil judges promising to protect individual property rights to truly understand that justice no longer fits into the equation of a fair and impartial criminal justice system. Justice is no longer the noble objective. The justice system is now ruled by blind ambition and ruthless political power.
And defense attorneys are finding it increasingly more difficult to curb the abuses of due process and equal protection of the law. Some attorneys have actually given up, opting to find the fastest and most efficient way to resolve a case – even at the expense of their clients’ interests and innocence. The John T. Floyd Law Firm will always remain committed to such sacred constitutional notions as “presumption of innocence” and “proof beyond a reasonable doubt” as it endeavors to bring justice to its clients, even against all odds. That, after all, is the true function of the criminal defense attorney.
“It is better that ten guilty persons escape than one innocent suffer.”
‘Commentaries on the Laws of England’, iv.27, by Sir William Blackstone (1723-1780), a London-born jurist.
Take the first step toward protecting your freedom by contacting us now
Testimonials
John T. Floyd Law Firm
3730 Kirby Drive # 750, Houston
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Highly recommend John T Floyd law firm, great response time and demeanor.I was researching an on-going criminal case, when I found an informative article written by John Floyd (about … More the perils of expert testimony). I called his office, and was very pleased to receive a timely call back. Not only was Mr. Floyd candid and helpful, but he had the kindest demeanor of any attorney that I've dealt with. I am so glad to have found this firm.
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Although I am not a client, John Floyd contacted me the same day I sent an email requesting advice, answered my questions and even when further to assist with my issue and communicated … More with me the next day. A true credit to his profession and I can only imagine how well he provides services to his actual clients!
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I give Mr. Floyd 10 Stars if they were available so I'm giving him five that's all that's available. The first time I left a message for him it was on a Friday after … More 5 p.m. and within 15 minutes he called me back I told him I needed to buy a lotto ticket because that has never happened. I knew from our chat and him calling me back that he was different from any attorney I've tried to talk to left messages never got called back they didn't even know what I needed and neither did Mr. Floyd but he did call me back. I was very interested in meeting with mr. Floyd about my case because I felt he was very transparent honest and genuine. If you've ever dealt with attorneys they don't have those traits but Mr. Floyd does. He was very honest with me told me what I could and could not do with my case. He is not egotistical he's very compassionate and he actually reads the documents you sent him unbelievable that's never happened. He will be the only lawyer I refer to anyone that needs his expertise. If you're in need of a criminal defense attorney please give John T Floyd a call you will not be disappointed.
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Mr John is a great human being and a very knowledgeable attorney. He has always called me back promptly,advised me very clearly and never rushed our conversation. i was wrongfully accused … More and Mr John had my case DISMISSED!! on the day of trial after fighting for me for two years. I am very thankful to the John T. Floyd Law Firm. You will not go wrong with John. Mr John you deserve way more then 5 stars.Thank youShaikh.
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John Floyd Law Firm is highly recommended for your legal needs. He and his staff are highly professional in every aspect. Easy and comfortable feeling talking with him, and he understands … More your needs and explains your legal advice in a way you can understand. Enough just cant be said. Thank You Sir.Positive
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John was kind enough to assist me with legal advise on my firearm gun rights restoration. I highly recommend him and his firm. Very professional and knowledgeable. If I need assistance … More in the future I will definitely go back to him.
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What I liked the most was that he actually returned my phone after leaving a message unlike pretty much everyone else I called prior. He listened and answered my question with the best … More advice that would benefit me the most. I was actually lost from moving to Texas from a different state we’re laws vary and he pointed me toward the right direction to get a understanding of if I need to do business with him now or after I contact a lawyer in my home state.
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John T Floyd handled my sons case & got a dismissal for us! He is great to work with, gets back to you promptly & knows what he’s doing. Definitely one of the best we have had … More to deal with!Positive
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John is honestly the best! The whole team is. He answered me in a timely manner and helped me when my friend was going through a situation in Houston, Texas as an inmate. He was so … More thorough, honest, and without charging me sent me so much information because I was out of the loop. He never once tried to take you for your money, he did all that he could to. help me and I can't thank him enough.
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I have used John on two occasions and found him to have full knowledge of Texas law, diligent, creative in plan, and aggressive in defense. He is the best criminal defense attorney … More in the State of Texas. No reason to look elsewhere.
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I have been calling to get some legal advice pertaining to gun rights. A few legal offices would not even take my call because quote " your not a client and Im losing money. … More I I called John T. Floyd Law Firm and they were not only able to answer my question, but gave great detail information, and further elaborated on their answer. I hope I do not have to use them in the future, but if I do need to, they will be my first call.
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Great lawyer! Needed some advice and gave me a Consultation, and advice for steps to take, without any hassle l, Was a honest guy and actually wanted to help me and not just take my … More money! Highly recommend!!Positive
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Attorney Floyd replied very timely to my inquiry and he provided practical advice. I will not hesitate to contact him in the future if I need additional legal counsel.
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Highly recommend, down to earth lawyer. Talked to me about my legal issues without being super money hungry and genuinely wanted to help me with my legal problems. 5 stars ⭐️.
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Very knowledgeable and professional. I called and left a message Friday morning and before end of business that day I received a call back.Positive
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Very helpful highly recommended for any Question / case will definitely keep he's name and number for any other legal advice
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Excellent service and a lawyer that doesn't lie. He does what he says. JW recommends him.
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One of the best services Ive used in awhile. Thank you for all the help and answers. You got my life back. Thank youPositive
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Im impressed. This guy was polite and professional and most important...he listened.
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Good experience and very good lawyer
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It was a pleasure speaking with John. He is knowledgeable and has a true desire to help the people of society. I turned to him for some guidance of a long-standing issue. He never … More rushed our conversation and went out of his way to look into the details to provide the right answer as well as assist me anyway he could. Thank you for our conversations and I wish your and your firm the best. If you need a lawyer, John Floyd is your guy!
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John represented me in court for roughly 2 years. I won't (and shouldn't) get into any serious details, but let me tell you that I couldn't have chosen anyone better. … More Seriously.Every appearance in court I felt very comfortable. The judge and DA's had a high regard for his reputation. There is a time I recall where simply his presence greatly impacted the court's interpretation of my case and persons. We were in front of the stand and the judge could not stop talking about John's prestige and past accomplishments and how that took in relation to my case. I kept silent in front of the judge, but I observed then that John's popularity and reputation within the court had already given me a better looking rapport with the judge. Let me tell you, I never had more confidence then, knowing that the judge held him in such high regard.This is not to mention how personable John is. I'll be honest that during the stress of court, sharing a laugh with your lawyer helps a lot. This may sound a lot, but I really appreciated the relationship we had then. This is also not to mention that he was able to deal very well with any DA that rotated over the years. Seriously, John was great, prompt with information and very hands on with my case. I had great peace those 2 years until everything wrapped up.If you're looking for a lawyer, I highly, HIGHLY recommend the John T. Floyd Law Firm. He IS nationally renowned, you know. He'll get the job done to the utmost confidence. He's very experienced and has a great record to boot. I am glad to have had him represent me in court and trust me that I never thought I'd ever say that (and whoever does?). We explored every avenue of victory together and I personally enjoyed the experience, despite the seriousness of the accusation.If you have a case that needs to be represented at the highest levels, choose John T. Floyd. He's a good man and very good at what he does. Him and his team has the experience you need to make the best decisions and options to get the best outcome for your case. We got the best result I could possibly ask for, thank God.Seriously. Hire John. He knows what he's doing.Seriously.
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One of the few honest lawyers I have ever talked to. His complimentary consultation was knowledgeable and thorough. He knew exactly what the issue was and how to handle it. His candid … More appraisal of the situation and how to proceed saved me thousands of dollars in legal fees. If you have a case requiring expertise in John's area of practice, look no further. Hire this man!
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I had the opportunity to read an article that Mr. Floyd wrote and it was very interesting. I called him about the article and advice concerning a similar situation. He not only gave … More me excellent advice, he pointed out not just what I wanted to hear but what I needed to hear concerning my situation. The Good, The Bad and The ugly in a manner or speaking. He spoke with an open and honest heart with information to help me and not just to get a client.
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If you are in trouble and need a lawyer, contact the John T. Floyd law firm. Some of the best lawyers in Texas work there! Understanding and helpful lawyers and staff that will do all … More they can to help you 😊
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He gave me one of the most honest answers I have received in a very long time about any issue I was having with anything. Legal or not legal. I highly recommend giving him a call and … More will be referring him to friends and family if they have any issues in the future.Positive
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He took time out of his day to answer my legal questions and didn’t even charge me. I would definitely recommend him to you.
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Gave free consultation on getting gun rights back. He truly cares about gun rights and getting you the help you deserve. 100% worth a callPositive
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Very professional, great quality work, and very friendly and helpful. Overall, their service is phenomenal. I recommend Mr. Floyd to anyone.
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Mr. Floyd took the time to explain his experience with the law to me in layman's terms. Definitely give him a call.Positive
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He was honest , knowledgeable , and professional about what we talked about. Most lawyers are just about the money , but not john.Positive
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He was very truthful and honest with us very great man I would recommend him and we would use him again
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Very professional honest and works hard currently working my husband’s appeal I pray he does his best workPositive
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I contacted John T. Floyd Law firm and I was very satisfied with service extremely helpful and friendly thank you Mr. FloydPositive
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This law frim was informative,great response time ,and the attorney called back not some secretary or legal assistant thank u guys for all your help wish it was more like youPositive … More
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I would highly recommend Mr Floyd. He was very helpful and knowledge with a legal question I had.Positive
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He explained my case better then any other lawyerPositive
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Very informative
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Had the pleasure speaking with John Floyd on a personal matter, he was very responsive, nothing but exceptional, and he really cares about you with sincerity and most importantly knows … More what is he talking about! No games or bs, his approach to my situation even though I knew it was probably way smaller then what he normally takes on, he was extremely helpful and didn't care about the size of the matter like other attorneys do. He really looked out for my best interests. You can tell he has decades of experience doing what he does just by chatting with him. I would highly recommend him.
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Words can’t describe how grateful I am for working with John, he went above and beyond my expectation. I was wrongly accused and hired many lawyers before hiring John Floyd but they … More all disappointed me, I had lost hope until a friend of mine referred me to John. From the start he had my best interest in mind and gave helpful advice, he explained the process and guided me. He put more work and time than all my previous lawyers that cost me thousands of dollars. He was constantly communicating with court and defended me more than all lawyer i had hired before him. Don’t waste your time and money like I did, believe me when I say I hired countless lawyers before him and no one came close to John. I’m forever thankful for him for fighting for my innocence and getting my case dismissed. Thank you so much🙏🏼🙏🏼
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I called Mr Floyd and left a message, with in the hour I received a call back with much more information then I could have ever expected. Mr Floyd was very informative on every question … More I had for him. He seemed like he cared, instead of like most attorneys that you talk to that are just out for a quick buck. If you want someone that is going to shoot strait with you, and has your best interest in hand, this is you guy. This was the best experience that I have ever had with an lawyer.
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I can state with confidence that Mr. Floyd and his team are the most competent and professional lawyers one can hope for. My case was quite complex and I admit that as a law student … More I was not the most patient client. Mr. Floyd did a phenomenal job of managing the bench, prosecution and myself! The result was above expectation, and I will never hesitate to recommend this firm regardless of the caliber of the case at issue.
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It was a pleasure working with Mr. Floyd. I contacted him regarding a legal matter and he was extremely knowledgeable about the law, and responded in a timely manner. I appreciated … More the fact I did not feel rushed, and he made sure he thoroughly answered all questions I had. I would highly recommend him!Positive
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Spoke with John Floyd about a 45 year old criminal case I was involved in. I had very little information about the case and John helped me search what records were available and gave … More me guidance to find more information. He was very professional and took his time helping me. I may need to hire a lawyer on this case and Mr. Floyd will be the man.Thanks John.
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Very professional and straight forward. He's not going to waste your time or money. Very knowledgeable in a large range of possible matters one could face living in these days … More and times. If ever you need legal assistance, this is who I would suggest. Awesome!Positive
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I called about some legal questions I needed to get clarified and John was able to give me clarification and sound advice. I will definitely contact John for all future legal questions … More and issues.Thank you John!Positive
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Knows his stuff and well respected with DA and judges. I have referred him a couple times and every client has been satisfied
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John is beyond knowledgeable! If I decide to pursue my case any further I would only have him represent me.
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What a great attorney, this guy really took time out of his day to answer my questions and explain my case to me. Very grateful, thank you so muchPositive
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Absolutely a very professional lawyer. Very well read in the current law and more than willing to help if needed.
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Mr. John he’s a professional he knows what he’s doing and he’s patient they recommend Him stronglyPositive
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Great service, very knowledgable and happy to help with any questions I had
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Quick to action and helpful and knowledgeable with entertainment industry based issues!
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Responded on a holiday week. Very knowledgeable and reassuring.
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Very professional
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I want to thank John T. Floyd and all of his team. He is the best lawyer who cares aboutHis clients and fights really hard to get the best outcome. He is a fighter and he is awesome!!!I … More recommend if any one needs criminal defense , he is the BEST. We had a really serious caseAnd we are very thankful for the outcome. Thank you John!!!!! God bless you!!!!!!
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The attorneys at John T. Floyd Law Firm work diligently to achieve the best possible results for their clients. They are caring and knowledgeable professionals. Their expertise in the … More law and their experience as trial attorneys makes them the right choice as a defense attorney. I recommend this law firm highly.
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From beginning to end this firm handled my case like the top tier professionals they are. I would not trust ANYONE else with my legal needs after having less than stellar experiences … More with other teams. Thank you Floyd!!!
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I really felt like the team cared about my case and am super satisfied with the outcome. Would not recommend anyone else!
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These guys do amazing work and have phenomenal service! Hands down best in the Houston area!!
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John and Chris are true professionals! Love those guys like family!
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Mr. Floyd and his team are very knowledgeable, informative, and helpful.
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A team you can depend on to stand up and fight for you to prove the truth the whole truth!
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Mr. John T. Floyd represented me.I couldn't be happier with the outcome he managed to achieve on an VERY Important case that was dismissed the day of Trial. He is patient & … More very knowledgeable of the legal system. I HIGHLY recommend him to anyone in need of a lawyer!John, I am forever grateful & satisfied with the effort you put forth & all you did for me. Thank you isn't enough!God bless you & your family!
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The John T. Floyd Law Firm assisted me, and I can tell you that the attorney took the time to answer my questions, and I didn't feel rushed or dismissed as I have experienced in … More the past with attorneys. The attorney was very nice and extremely knowledgeable. Initial impressions and continued excellent customer service are big factors for me and as such I would highly recommend this firm.
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I thank you for your efforts to help Felons regain their Civil rights, and for the information on possession , I am A convicted Felon, no violent history. I am an expert shot, I am … More 76 yoa, and very concerned about the present lake of Security in our State and Country. God Bless and Prosper you in your efforts, Your friend, Sonny Bivens
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I really appreciated both Chris and John helping with my legal questions and concerns. Both are good guys and I would not hesitate to recommend them.
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Extremely helpful!!! Helping me understand the law.
John T. Floyd is Board Certified in Criminal Law By the Texas Board of Legal Specialization
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